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Algebra/Quadratics / Integer feasibility

Question

[Algebra -- Quadratics / Integer feasibility, Hard, MCQ]

The number of integer values of kk for which the equation

$

x^{2} - (k+3) x + (4k+1) = 0

$

has both roots as positive integers is:

Options

A

0

B

1

C

2

D

3

Answer

(B) 1.

Detailed solution

[Integer roots]

Let the positive integer roots be p,qp, q. By Vieta, p+q=k+3p+q = k+3 and pq=4k+1pq = 4k+1. Substituting k=p+q3k = p+q-3:

$

pq = 4(p+q-3) + 1 = 4p + 4q - 11.

$

Rearrange to apply factor-shifting:

$

pq - 4p - 4q + 16 = 5 ;\Longrightarrow; (p-4)(q-4) = 5.

$

With p,qZ+p, q \in \mathbb{Z}^{+}, the factor pairs giving both p,q1p, q \ge 1 are (p4,q4){(1,5),(5,1)}(p-4, q-4) \in \{(1,5),(5,1)\}, yielding (p,q){(5,9),(9,5)}(p,q) \in \{(5,9),(9,5)\}. Both correspond to k=5+93=11k = 5+9-3 = 11. Hence exactly one integer value of kk works. Answer: (B) 1.

Why CAT-level: Direct discriminant-perfect-square attempt is messy; the elegant route requires Simon-style factor shifting.